叶爱梅,陈峰,叶雨钟,黄长灿,李君敏,王艳山,陆东曦,郭木金,吴为阁,林小玲,卢大力.学龄前长子女焦虑症状及其影响因素[J].四川精神卫生杂志,2024,37(6):537-542.Ye Aimei,Chen Feng,Ye Yuzhong,Huang Changcan,Li Junmin,Wang Yanshan,Lu Dongxi,Guo Mujin,Wu Weige,Lin Xiaoling,Lu Dali,Influencing factors of anxiety symptoms in firstborn preschool children[J].SICHUAN MENTAL HEALTH,2024,37(6):537-542

学龄前长子女焦虑症状及其影响因素

Influencing factors of anxiety symptoms in firstborn preschool children

投稿时间：2023-11-10

DOI：10.11886/scjsws20231110001

中文关键词: 学龄前长子女同胞关系焦虑症状

英文关键词:Preschool children Firstborn children Sibling relationship Anxiety

基金项目:

作者	单位	邮编
叶爱梅	宁德市康复医院，福建宁德 352100	352100
陈峰	宁德市康复医院，福建宁德 352100	352100
叶雨钟	宁德市康复医院，福建宁德 352100	352100
黄长灿	宁德市康复医院，福建宁德 352100	352100
李君敏	宁德市康复医院，福建宁德 352100	352100
王艳山	宁德市康复医院，福建宁德 352100	352100
陆东曦	宁德市康复医院，福建宁德 352100	352100
郭木金	宁德市康复医院，福建宁德 352100	352100
吴为阁	厦门市仙岳医院，福建厦门 361012	361012
林小玲	中山大学护理学院，广东广州 510080	510080
卢大力^*	深圳市龙华区妇幼保健院，广东深圳 518110 厦门市第五医院，福建厦门 361101	361101

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中文摘要:

背景同胞关系会影响家庭长子女的焦虑症状。焦虑症状起源于儿童早期，并持续影响个体的青少年和成年时期，但目前关于学龄前儿童尤其是学龄前长子女焦虑症状的研究尚不足。目的探讨学龄前长子女的焦虑症状及影响因素，为多子女家庭的儿童焦虑症状的干预提供参考。方法于2021年10月—12月，采用整群抽样法，纳入深圳市龙华区234家幼儿园的8 449名儿童为研究对象。采用同胞关系量表（SIB）和Spence学前儿童焦虑量表（SPAS）进行调查。采用Logistic回归分析探讨学龄前长子女焦虑症状的影响因素。结果共回收有效问卷8 419份（99.64%）。检出344名（4.09%）学龄前长子女存在焦虑症状。焦虑症状组和无焦虑症状组的户籍、家庭月收入、母亲生育年龄、母亲受教育程度、父亲受教育程度、家庭成员居住情况、是否为留守儿童比较，差异均有计学意义（χ²/t=9.906、33.490、5.136、13.485、9.690、17.332、21.975，P<0.05或0.01）。焦虑症状组在SIB竞争、攻击、回避三个维度上的评分均高于无焦虑症状组（t=165.322、74.471、286.419，P均<0.01），在SIB陪伴、共情、教导三个维度上的评分均低于无焦虑症状组（t=59.133、42.417、39.112，P均<0.01）。留守、同胞关系中的竞争和回避是学龄前长子女焦虑症状的危险因素（OR=1.195、1.143、1.260，P<0.05或0.01）。结论留守的学龄前长子女更易出现焦虑症状，消极型同胞关系（竞争和回避）也可能导致学龄前长子女出现焦虑症状。

英文摘要:

Background Sibling relationships play a critical role in shaping anxiety symptoms in firstborn children. Anxiety symptoms often originate in early childhood and can persist into adolescence and adulthood. However， there is insufficient research on anxiety symptoms in preschool children， especially firstborn preschool children.Objective To explore the influencing factors of anxiety symptoms among firstborn preschool children， so as to provide references for the intervention of anxiety symptom for children in families with multiple children.Methods From October to December 2021， a total of 8 449 children from 234 kindergartens in Longhua District of Shenzhen were included using a cluster sampling method. Sibling Inventory of Behavior （SIB） and Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale （SPAS） were used to investigate. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors of anxiety symptoms in firstborn preschool children.Results A total of 8 419 （99.64%） valid questionnaires were collected. Anxiety symptoms were detected in 344（4.09%） firstborn preschool children. Statistically significant differences were observed between anxiety group and non-anxiety group in terms of household registration， monthly family income， maternal age， maternal education level， paternal education level， family living conditions and whether they are left-behind children （χ²/t=9.906， 33.490， 5.136， 13.485， 9.690， 17.332， 21.975， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Compared with non-anxiety group， children in the anxiety group scored higher on the SIB dimensions of rivalry， aggression and avoidance （t=165.322， 74.471， 286.419， P<0.01）， and lower on companionship， empathy and teaching （t=59.133， 42.417， 39.112， P<0.01）. Risk factors for anxiety symptoms in firstborn preschool children included left-behind children， as well as negative sibling relationships characterized by rivalry and avoidance （OR=1.195， 1.143， 1.260， P<0.05 or 0.01）.Conclusion Firstborn preschool children who are left-behind are more susceptible to anxiety symptoms. Negative sibling relationships， characterized by competition and avoidance， may also contribute to the emergence of anxiety symptoms in firstborn preschool children.

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